The Environmental Agency and Public Health Gibraltar would like to remind the public about mosquito bite prevention which should always be your first line of defence. Different species of mosquitoes are active at various times and can transmit a range of infections, so it is wise to take precautions. 

The common Culex mosquito primarily bites in the evening and nighttime. While this species does not transmit serious diseases, it can cause painful swelling, particularly in sensitive individuals, which may lead to infections. 

The Asian Tiger Mosquito, which has established itself in Gibraltar, is a daytime biter. This mosquito prefers humid environments and breeds in water containers such as inflatable baby pools, plant pot dishes and other discarded items which can hold water, even if small. Although diseases like Dengue Fever, Chikungunya and West Nile Virus are not likely in Gibraltar, it is advisable to remain cautious, especially when visiting regions where these diseases are prevalent. 

Tips for residents visiting neighbouring areas: 

Gibraltar residents often enjoy day trips to neighbouring areas, including nature and dog walks, hiking, and visiting wetlands. These environments, such as marshes and other waterlogged areas, provide ideal conditions for mosquitoes to breed. If you are planning to visit these areas for leisure or outdoor activities, it is important to take extra precautions: 

1. Mosquito Activity in Wetlands and Marshes 

Mosquitoes thrive in wetlands and marshes due to the standing water where they breed. These areas are most active at dawn and dusk, so try to limit outdoor activities during these times, or take extra precautions if you are outdoors. 

2. Protective Measures for Nature Walks and Hiking 

Wear long sleeves, trousers, and socks, especially when walking through marshy or wetland areas. Choose light-coloured clothing, as mosquitoes are often attracted to dark colours. 

3. Insect Repellent for Nature Walks and Hiking 

When visiting wetlands, marshes, or other outdoor areas in neighbouring regions, it is essential to apply a good insect repellent to exposed skin. Choose a repellent containing at least 20% DEET or another effective active ingredient to protect against mosquito bites. 

Tips for travellers: 

1. Consult a Healthcare Professional
   Before traveling to areas where mosquito-borne diseases are prevalent, seek advice from a travel clinic, especially if you have health concerns. Note that the GHA does not offer any travel advice or offer any travel vaccines, unless it is essential for a Civil Servant or Public Sector employee to travel as part of their professional remit. Private medical clinics can provide travel advice and vaccinations.
   
2. Pregnancy Considerations
   If you are pregnant or planning to conceive, consider postponing non-essential travel.
   
3. Use Insect Repellents
   While in mosquito-prone areas, apply mosquito repellents and adhere to bite prevention measures. If you experience symptoms within three weeks of returning from an affected region, consult a doctor.
   
4. Post-Diagnosis Precautions
   If diagnosed with Zika, Dengue, or Chikungunya, implement strict mosquito bite prevention measures for ten days after fever onset.
   
5. Repellent Recommendations
   DEET is the active ingredient in many repellent products and is recognised as the most effective broad-spectrum repellent. Apply insect repellent containing at least 20% DEET on exposed skin.
   

Other tips to prevent bites: 

1. Clothing Advice
   Mosquitoes cannot penetrate loose clothing. Wearing long sleeves and trousers or skirts reduces exposed skin. Lightweight and breathable fabrics are suitable for warm climates.
   
2. Nets
   Use bed nets at night, ensuring they are tucked in to prevent insect entry. Leave enough space to avoid direct skin contact with the net. Use netting on windows and doors for added protection.
   
3. Room Checks
   Inspect window and door screens for holes or gaps that could allow mosquitoes inside.
   
4. Pyrethroid Products
   Consider using plug-ins, candles, or coils alongside nets and screens, but do not rely on them exclusively.
   
5. Check for Standing Water
   Empty any containers that hold standing water in your vicinity.
   
6. Maintain Airflow
   Use fans or air conditioning to deter mosquitoes and improve indoor air quality.
   
7. Avoid Peak Mosquito Activity Times
   Mosquitoes are most active during dusk and dawn. Minimise outdoor activities during these times or take extra precautions.